The fourth volume of Warren N. Vaughn's four-volume manuscript, "Early History of Tillamook." In this volume, Vaughn writes about the establishment of the first sawmill in Tillamook County. He recounts two local legends: the story of the "beeswax ship," a ship carrying candle wax that had wrecked on the Tillamook shore, and the story of a buried treasure. He also tells the story of prospectors who discovered gold in the area. Vaughn shares that by 1862, commerce and trade had developed considerably and the community of white settlers in Tillamook County continued to grow and prosper. His narrative ends abruptly with the story of one resident murdering another.

The third volume of Warren N. Vaughn's four-volume manuscript, "Early History of Tillamook." In this volume, Vaughn continues his description from Volume 2 of the community effort to construct a schooner, which was completed and launched on its maiden voyage to Astoria and Portland to purchase supplies. Vaughn also writes of negotiations between the U.S. government and the Tillamook people, with the government intending to execute a treaty with the Tillamook for their land; however, proper negotiations never took place and Vaughn asserts that the Tillamook had their land unlawfully taken away. Vaughn also describes a series of violent conflicts that occurred between the Native people and the white population, which resulted in ongoing tensions. He writes of the growth of the white population in Tillamook through 1860 and increased trade, mainly by sea.

The second volume of Warren N. Vaughn's four-volume manuscript, "Early History of Tillamook." In this volume, Vaughn writes of the hardships he and other early white homesteaders endured, including lack of provisions and supplies and isolation from the outside world, as they established their homes in the Tillamook Bay area. With construction of a new trail between Tillamook and the Willamette Valley, an influx of immigrants relocated to the area and Tillamook County was officially organized in 1853. Vaughn describes early steps taken to establish a community, including the creation of a public school and a blacksmith shop, and efforts to build a schooner to facilitate trade. He describes the first election and the first census taken of Tillamook County, both in 1854, and lists the names of all 80 white residents at that time.

The first volume of Warren N. Vaughn's four-volume manuscript, "Early History of Tillamook." In this volume, Vaughn recounts how he first heard of Tillamook in 1851 while living in Dayton in Yamhill County. After deciding to relocate there, he made multiple journeys between Dayton and the Tillamook Bay area starting in 1852 and ending in 1853 when he took up residence on a claim in Tillamook. Vaughn details his travels during this period and the difficulties faced in attempting to reach Tillamook from Dayton. He writes about his experiences with his travel companions during these trips and describes encounters with the Native peoples of the area, who often acted as guides and provided assistance, food, and supplies for the immigrants during their journeys. While Vaughn's retelling of these interactions is generally positive, he also uses language that was common at the time and includes disparaging or pejorative descriptions of Native peoples.

A typed transcript copy of all four volumes of Warren N. Vaughn's "Early History of Tillamook," copied and edited by Louise W. Goodrich for the Columbia Gorge chapter of the Daughters of the American Colonist. Vaughn was one of the early white settlers of Tillamook County and recorded his detailed recollections of the community and events in the Tillamook Bay area from 1851 to approximately 1863. The narrative recounts the journeys that Vaughn and fellow settlers made between Yamhill County and Tillamook Bay, the establishment and growth of Tillamook County, and interactions with the Native people of the area.

Transcript. This oral history interview with Flora Cushinway Thompson was conducted around 1971. The interviewer is unidentified. The audio recording and transcript are incomplete; the interview was recorded on three cassettes, but the first tape is missing.

In this interview, Thompson discusses the execution of Modoc leader Kintpuash, aka Captain Jack. She then talks about salmon fishing by Native peoples at Celilo Falls, and about the slow encroachment of dams and commercial fishing at the falls. She speaks about her marriage to Wyam Chief Tommy Thompson and talks about their respective marital histories. She discusses the Wyams' resistance to the construction of The Dalles Dam; describes attending the dedication of the Celilo converter station; and talks about Tommy Thompson's funeral. She speaks at length about some of the Wyams' spiritual beliefs, particularly regarding visions and songs, and sings a Christian song in Sahaptin. She closes the interview by talking about her work advocating for the Wyams' fishing rights. The recording ends with piano music identified as "Indian Love Poem" by Nancy Walker.

Tape 3, Side 2. This oral history interview with Flora Cushinway Thompson was conducted around 1971. The interviewer is unidentified. The audio recording and transcript are incomplete; the interview was recorded on three cassettes, but the first tape is missing.

In this interview, Thompson discusses the execution of Modoc leader Kintpuash, aka Captain Jack. She then talks about salmon fishing by Native peoples at Celilo Falls, and about the slow encroachment of dams and commercial fishing at the falls. She speaks about her marriage to Wyam Chief Tommy Thompson and talks about their respective marital histories. She discusses the Wyams' resistance to the construction of The Dalles Dam; describes attending the dedication of the Celilo converter station; and talks about Tommy Thompson's funeral. She speaks at length about some of the Wyams' spiritual beliefs, particularly regarding visions and songs, and sings a Christian song in Sahaptin. She closes the interview by talking about her work advocating for the Wyams' fishing rights. The recording ends with piano music identified as "Indian Love Poem" by Nancy Walker.

Tape 3, Side 1. This oral history interview with Flora Cushinway Thompson was conducted around 1971. The interviewer is unidentified. The audio recording and transcript are incomplete; the interview was recorded on three cassettes, but the first tape is missing.

In this interview, Thompson discusses the execution of Modoc leader Kintpuash, aka Captain Jack. She then talks about salmon fishing by Native peoples at Celilo Falls, and about the slow encroachment of dams and commercial fishing at the falls. She speaks about her marriage to Wyam Chief Tommy Thompson and talks about their respective marital histories. She discusses the Wyams' resistance to the construction of The Dalles Dam; describes attending the dedication of the Celilo converter station; and talks about Tommy Thompson's funeral. She speaks at length about some of the Wyams' spiritual beliefs, particularly regarding visions and songs, and sings a Christian song in Sahaptin. She closes the interview by talking about her work advocating for the Wyams' fishing rights. The recording ends with piano music identified as "Indian Love Poem" by Nancy Walker.

Tape 2, Side 2. This oral history interview with Flora Cushinway Thompson was conducted around 1971. The interviewer is unidentified. The audio recording and transcript are incomplete; the interview was recorded on three cassettes, but the first tape is missing.

In this interview, Thompson discusses the execution of Modoc leader Kintpuash, aka Captain Jack. She then talks about salmon fishing by Native peoples at Celilo Falls, and about the slow encroachment of dams and commercial fishing at the falls. She speaks about her marriage to Wyam Chief Tommy Thompson and talks about their respective marital histories. She discusses the Wyams' resistance to the construction of The Dalles Dam; describes attending the dedication of the Celilo converter station; and talks about Tommy Thompson's funeral. She speaks at length about some of the Wyams' spiritual beliefs, particularly regarding visions and songs, and sings a Christian song in Sahaptin. She closes the interview by talking about her work advocating for the Wyams' fishing rights. The recording ends with piano music identified as "Indian Love Poem" by Nancy Walker.

Tape 2, Side 1. This oral history interview with Flora Cushinway Thompson was conducted around 1971. The interviewer is unidentified. The audio recording and transcript are incomplete; the interview was recorded on three cassettes, but the first tape is missing.

In this interview, Thompson discusses the execution of Modoc leader Kintpuash, aka Captain Jack. She then talks about salmon fishing by Native peoples at Celilo Falls, and about the slow encroachment of dams and commercial fishing at the falls. She speaks about her marriage to Wyam Chief Tommy Thompson and talks about their respective marital histories. She discusses the Wyams' resistance to the construction of The Dalles Dam; describes attending the dedication of the Celilo converter station; and talks about Tommy Thompson's funeral. She speaks at length about some of the Wyams' spiritual beliefs, particularly regarding visions and songs, and sings a Christian song in Sahaptin. She closes the interview by talking about her work advocating for the Wyams' fishing rights. The recording ends with piano music identified as "Indian Love Poem" by Nancy Walker.

Pasasaun identifies himself as Brule Sioux from South Dakota, giving classroom presentation describing the many facets of Indigenous cultures, beliefs and values systems. Talks about the Medicine Wheel (also called the Sacred Hoop), and the interactions between concepts of science, art, religion, and government.

A group photograph of unidentified members of the Klamath and Modoc tribes taken at Camp Day in 1860. A handwritten caption on the back of the photograph reads, "Indians near Ft. Umpqua? Not so - Klamath and Modoc Indians near Ft. Day - Note Ponderosa pines in background. Photograph by Lt. Lorenzo Lorain."
Camp Day was a temporary military encampment established in the Klamath Basin in Southern Oregon during the summer and fall of 1860. The military expedition was a response to reports of potential conflicts between members of the Klamath and Modoc people and Euro-American settlers concerning land use and territorial rights.

Posed portrait of an elderly Native American woman and an infant in a beaded cradleboard. The infant is crying and there are several flies flying near its face. Handwritten inscription on the back of the print reads, "Great Grandmother and Warmspring Babe - Columbia Natives." Signed, "Copyrighted 1901 Lily E. White," in the lower right corner of the print.

Posed portrait of an elderly Native American woman and an infant in a beaded cradleboard. Handwritten inscription on the back of the print reads, "Periods of Time - Columbia Indians." Signed, "Copyrighted 1901 Lily E. White," in the lower right corner of the print.

Handwritten minutes from a special meeting of the Methodist Board of Missions, held July 1, 1844 in New York. The meeting was called to discuss the Oregon Mission. Reverend Jason Lee was present, along with members of the Oregon Committee of the Episcopal Church. The minutes describe Jason Lee addressing allegations of wrongdoing, speculation, and mismanagement at the Oregon Mission. Lee also addresses allegations against local Native tribes, and defends his decision to build the Mission House in the Willamette Valley. Other subjects include daily life in Oregon, the Hudson's Bay Company, and Lee's conversations with Dr. Joseph (sic) McLoughlin. Lee asks that the Board continue to support the mission. A typed preservation copy of this document is available in file Mss1212_B1F3_002.pdf.

Typed preservation copy of Mss1212_B1F3_001. Minutes from a special meeting of a Board of the Episcopal Church, held July 1, 1844. The meeting was called to discuss the Oregon Mission. Reverend Jason Lee is present, along with members of the Oregon Committee of the Episcopal Church. The minutes describe Jason Lee addressing allegations of wrongdoing, speculation, and mismanagement at the Oregon Mission. Lee also addresses allegations against local Native tribes, and defends his decision to build the Mission House in the Willamette Valley. Other subjects include daily life in Oregon, the Hudson's Bay Company, and Lee's conversations with Dr. Joseph (sic) McLoughlin. Lee asks that the Board continue to support the mission.

Negative of a photographic postcard showing a group of Native American people in traditional dress, marching in the Pendleton Round-Up parade. A woman on horseback drags a horse-drawn travois behind her. Crowds of spectators line the sidewalk in the background. Handwriting on negative reads, "Indian Travoise and Body Guard - Pendleton Round-Up. Pub by Ellis 2118." Handwritten note on envelope indicates this was taken in 1947.

View of the Oregon Trunk (OT) Rail Bridge across the Columbia River near Wishram Washington. The bridge is also known as the Celilo Bridge. The photograph is taken from the bank on the Oregon side of the river and captures almost the full span of the bridge. A portion of Celilo Village is visible in the foreground. The community of Skien is visible in the distance at the base of the bridge on the Washington side. A note on the back of the photograph reads, "File No. 68 - OT/Celilo Bridge across Columbia River, near Wishram, Wash."

Photograph of a Native American person standing on a rock overlooking Celilo Falls on the Columbia River in the Columbia River Gorge. Large rapids flow past the rock and there is a cloud of mist above the water. The person wears a hat and their back is turned to the camera as they face the river. Taken looking towards the mountains on the Washington side of the river. Stamp at the bottom of the print indicates a 1907 copyright notice for Benjamin A. Gifford. Stamp on the back reads, "Photo Copyright R.I. Gifford."

A long line of Native American horseback riders ride in the Pendleton Round-Up parade in Pendleton, Oregon. They wear traditional clothing. At the head of the line, a young woman on a white horse looks at the camera. The sidewalks on both sides of the parade are filled with spectators and flags hang above the street. Several Pendleton businesses are visible in the background, including Fontaine's Cafe, Sears, and the Oregon Cafe (negative 4 of 8).

A Native American boy races his horse in the arena at the Pendleton Round-Up in Pendleton, Oregon. Two other racers are visible riding behind him. Crowds watch from the stands on the left. Writing across the top of the negative reads, "Indian race" (negative 6 of 10).

A young Native American woman races her horse in the arena at the Pendleton Round-Up in Pendleton, Oregon. Another racer is right behind her. A third racer trails the pair in the background. Crowds watch from the stands on the left. Handwriting across the top of the negative reads, "Squaw race" (negative 7 of 10).

A representative of the Junior Rose Festival Court (far left, wearing a white suit and straw hat) hands a rose to members of the Pendleton Round-Up Court and Happy Canyon Court. Four members of the Round-Up court wear traditional western wear outfits and cowboy hats. The other two members of the court wear traditional Native American dress (negative 1 of 7).

A group of Wyam people on a stage at an event held at the Multnomah County Central Library to celebrate the release of Martha Ferguson McKeown's book "Linda's Indian Home". The dancers are in at the left side of the frame wearing beaded and feathered outfits. Flora Cushinway Thompson stands with another woman on the right side of the frame who is holding a drum. An array of items, including baskets and other crafts are on display on tables in front of the stage. Several women are standing in the rear of the stage with instruments. (negative 7 of 8).