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William L. Finley Papers, 1899-1946
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Flocking of the swallows

Manuscript on the spotting of a large group of swallows near a roadside. The author goes on to discuss how the birds are joined by other flocks to travel in large groups in order to hide their true numbers from predators.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Moulting season for birds

Manuscript commenting on the lack of bird songs and sightings in the month of August due to molting. As soon as the season is over, the birds actively seek out others in order to flock, which provides protection against predators.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Late nesting of bobwhite quail

Manuscript that relays the discovery of a bobwhite quail's nest in January, which is fairly late in the nesting season. The remaining content describes the value of the bird on farms.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Needless destruction of game resources

Manuscript that explores the senseless killing of wild animals. Despite being a protected animal, a black bear mother and cub had been shot down. The author contends that black bears are the most human of wild animals in the Oregon woods. The author also describes characteristics of the bear and what it eats. The document goes on to say that there are people who simply enjoy being out in nature and can truly appreciate a wildlife sighting. However, due to hunters, those people are robbed of these experiences.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Game management school at Corvallis

Manuscript praising the establishment of the Oregon State Agricultural College. There is praise also for the courses in game management that will be offered. The courses are considered to be the best measurement instituted in order to develop wildlife resources for Oregon. The college will offer several courses that will provide training for game management of estates and land using industries. Local establishments such as game refuges and fish hatcheries will be used to give hands on experience. At the time, Oregon was the only state in the west to receive federal funding for education in respects to conservation of wildlife.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Records of ducks over baited waters

Manuscript that delves into the game records for duck hunting, finding that the two states with the largest number of birds bagged were permitted to use bait. The author explains that the reason why there was such a concentration of birds in California and Illinois, is that they lie on the most naturally attractive waterways. Other states are mentioned, but the main focus is on California and Illinois. The document goes on to say that the practice of baiting creates an unfair advantage and those that do not bait tend to later follow after seeing the baiters' success. The federal government banned the use of bait in respects to duck hunting.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

The American white pelican

Manuscript that focuses on the American white pelican, which according to this document, has an unattractive appearance. The document also describes how the pelican feeds its young.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Little brother of the bear - The raccoon

Manuscript that likens raccoons to bears in the first paragraph due to the raccoon's appearance. Later, it is established that raccoons are an American animal as they were not found anywhere else. In early American history raccoon skins were used as currency, mainly for apparel reasons, but now the animal can be considered a pet. The author warns that they are rambunctious in captivity. There is a brief mention of an exchange between a pet raccoon and a cat.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Wild or band-tailed pigeons

Manuscript that looks over a few previous records of wild pigeons provided by O. G. Delaba and W. B. Jennings. There is a note in parentheses asking to report any spottings of the birds to Finley or Averill. The author reflects that the number of pigeons has declined dramatically.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

The extinct passenger pigeon

Manuscript detailing the vanishing of the passenger pigeon in America. The author infers that the factor that led to their decline is that they nested in large colonies, making them easy prey for hunters looking to sell them. The document emphasizes that the loss of this bird echoes the need for improvement when it comes to wildlife conservation.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Duck hunting on the Columbia

Manuscript relating a conversation with H. S. Rowe, who along with Mr. Harrison, owned a large number of acres of land on Sauvie's Island, which happened to be excellent for duck hunting. Mr. Rowe went hunting in the year of 1907 with his son and netted the allotted amount of birds. Further comments about the plentiful number of birds for sport are included in the document. Later in 1913, a protection for migratory birds passed and closed down the hunting season. The author commented that despite the season being closed for 22 years, the number of ducks have not returned to previous numbers.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Robins kick older children out

Manuscript describing a pair of robins whose older offspring attempted to bait their parents into feeding them, despite being old enough to feed themselves.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Raining toads

Manuscript recounting an encounter with a group of toads. The document describes how the toads possess a bone that allows them to use their hind feet to burrow into the ground in order to get closer to moisture when rain is lacking. The author and the group watched as the animals used ant hills as a buffet to feed themselves. The author comments that it is no wonder that some believe that amphibians rain from the sky because this species emerges with the coming rain and disappears as the sun comes out.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Rabbits and hares

Manuscript stating that jack rabbits are not rabbits, instead belonging to the hare family.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

The cedar waxwing

This manuscript begins with explaining how bird names are chosen and that it is often connected to food habits or a distinguishing feature of the plumage. In the case of the cedar waxwing, it is named for its fondness for cedar berries and that the tips of its wings look like ceiling wax. The documents goes on to point out the peculiarity of the bird being classified as a song bird as they do not have song. Other topics include where the birds can be found and other similar species.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

The sparrow hawk

The manuscript discusses the decline of using hawks in hunting and how hunters blame birds of prey for decreasing bird populations.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Sleeping off the winter

Manuscript discusses discovering a gray digger squirrel who appeared to be deceased but was actually hibernating and nearly frozen. This leads the author to write about the animal's process in preparing for its winter slumber. The document goes on to comment on other animals that hibernate as well and the differences in hibernation processes.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Waterfowl protection and other manuscripts

Manuscript that is composed of various manuscripts, with a focus on closing the waterfowl hunting season. The manuscripts concerning the waterfowl include creating legislation to close or limit the hunting season, the practice of baiting, and protecting waterfowl populations. A manuscript discussing russet-backed thrushes is included.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Song-bird population

This manuscript begins with how to attract songbirds to one's home, including the removal of predators, flora to interact with, and a water source. The author comments that there has been a noticed absence of some of the typical visitors to their property. Essentially, there has been a decline in population in some of the songbird species, such as wrens. Speculation for the source of this decline includes either disease or mishap during migration.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

The white-crowned sparrow

Manuscript where one species of sparrow is featured. The document begins with explaining that only an expert can distinguish the three varieties of this sparrow.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Trout flies

According to R.E. Dimick from the Oregon State Agricultural College, the stonefly is a cornerstone in the diet of trout. The manuscript advises that a wise angler will observe the insects of an area to lead them to the best fishing spots. The document goes on to describe the life cycle of the stonefly as well as mentioning another type of stonefly, and where the author has found their population to be abundant.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

The friendly robin

The manuscript begins by explaining that the robin is the most recognized and familiar of North American birds. The document explains the preferred habitat and diet of the bird. Then it continues with an examination of robins on the author's property.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Wholesale waterfowl destruction in the Klamath Country

Manuscript discusses how the waterfowl in Klamath country are now protected from hunters by game laws. The Bureau of Reclamation destroyed areas of sanctuary for waterfowl because the demand for land for agricultural use was so high. According to Dr. C. F. Marbut from the Department of Agriculture, the soil from the land in and around the bed of the Lower Klamath Lake could not support agricultural means successfully. Instead, the area became a refuge similar to Clear Lake.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Sportsmen kill the goose that lays the golden egg

Manuscript discussing the alarming state of the decline of local animal and fish populations. The author contends that it is a combination of exhausting the local population for sport and introducing foreign populations of animals and fish to satisfy the demand for game to hunt. The document proposes that there are two points in a plan of action in order to restore native populations. The first is to enforce the laws of protection for the animals and fish, and the second is to educate in order to support wildlife resources.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Trout flies

This manuscript appears to be an edited version of "Trout flies".

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Best trout stream and trout surveys

Two manuscripts are featured in this document. The first discusses how the Deschutes River is an ideal place for trout, not only for sport but for the fish to inhabit. The river benefits from the lack of silt in the water and protection from dumping pollutants. Also due to a lack of a paved road, access is limited to the area. The second manuscript discusses the importance of conducting surveys that determine what makes a place suitable for a fish to inhabit. Factors such as what are the food sources and water temperature are to be considered. The writer makes the point that one cannot gauge from mere visual observation the amount of fish in any given stream. To truly determine the population, in depth surveys must be done.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

The mountain beaver is not a beaver

Manuscript explaining that the rodent known as the mountain beaver, in fact is not a beaver, nor is it related to any animal. It is animal that is found only along the west coast of the United States. The document gives the physical description of the animal and where one might be spotted in Oregon.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

Paved highways and good trout stream do not mix

This manuscript rallies against building paved roads along streams because this creates easy access and an opening to abuse the resources found in the stream. This document focuses mainly on overfishing in regards to the trout population. Later in the document, the author argues against a highway being built along the Rogue River because this will negatively affect the stream, both in health and fish populations.

Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953

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