Paul Fukui, Operations Manager of the Q Center in Portland, OR, discusses his work with the Q Center and his life as an artist.

This oral history interview with Jean Eilers was conducted by Carolyn Matthews from August 10 to December 4, 2011. The interview was conducted as part of the Oregon Labor Oral History Program, which collects oral histories of individuals who have advocated for working people of Oregon, including public figures, union members, and workers. The interview was conducted in eight sessions. Robert Byrne and Michela Byrne were also interviewed in session eight. Session 5 and portions of session 7 are restricted until 2032.

In the first interview session, conducted on August 10, 2011, Eilers discusses her family background and early life in Portland, Oregon. She talks about her recreational activities, about the neighborhoods she lived in, and about her education at Madeleine Catholic School. She also looks at family photographs and talks about them. She then speaks about joining a convent in Rosemont, Pennsylvania, and teaching at Catholic schools. She also talks about her relationship with her family and describes the changes that came out of Vatican II. She discusses her early involvement with labor organizing in California with the United Farm Workers.

In the second interview session, conducted on August 17, 2011, Eilers revisits the topic of her family background and early life in Portland, Oregon. She talks about her college education while living in Los Angeles, California. She also revisits the topic of the changes to the Catholic Church that came out of Vatican II. She speaks at length about her early involvement with labor organizing in California with the United Farm Workers, including working with Cesar Chavez. She talks about her reasons for leaving the convent in 1981, and about her marriage to Robert Byrne.

In the third interview session, conducted on October 19, 2011, Eilers continues to discuss her work with the United Farm Workers, including working with Cesar Chavez, and her reasons for leaving the movement. She speaks about her life after leaving the convent in 1981, including working for AFSCME. She then discusses working for other unions, including OPEU Local 503 and SEIU Local 49. She also talks about balancing her career and child care. She then talks about serving as the state director of the AFL-CIO and discusses Jobs with Justice.

In the fourth interview session, conducted on November 2, 2011, Eilers continues to discuss serving as the state director of the AFL-CIO, including protests the union was involved with, particularly regarding the Gulf War and the World Trade Organization. She talks about people and organizations that she worked with while with the AFL-CIO, including Father Tobin and Occupy Portland. She speaks about union negotiations at Kaiser Permanente, Xerox, and the Oregon Department of Transportation. She then briefly talks about her work for SEIU Local 49 with employees of Providence Hospital.

In the fifth interview session, conducted on November 9, 2011, Eilers speaks at length about her involvement with the campaign to unionize the employees of Providence hospitals with SEIU Local 49, and talks about the failure of that campaign. She also talks about the Occupy Portland movement; about capitalism and Catholicism in health care; and about the relationship between labor and the press.

In the sixth interview session, conducted on November 16, 2011, Eilers discusses her involvement with the Jobs with Justice Faith Labor Committee, particularly the annual breakfast. She also talks about Father Bob Krueger of St. Andrew's Church. She speaks about the role of women in the Catholic Church and in labor unions; revisits the topic of Vatican II; and talks about the SEIU. She talks about the careers of her husband, Robert Byrne, and her daughter, Michela Byrne. The sound quality of this interview session is poor.

In the seventh interview session, conducted on November 30, 2011, Eilers reads from and talks about a brief autobiographical essay. She speaks about the importance of unions and revisits the topic of her work with SEIU Local 49 to unionize employees of Providence hospitals. She talks about her early life in Portland and discusses how the city changed; about F. Leo Smith; and about her involvement with the Metropolitan Alliance for the Common Good. She also talks again about Occupy Portland.

In the eighth and final interview session, conducted on December 4, 2011, Eilers' daughter, Michela Byrne, discusses her early life as the daughter of a priest and a nun who were labor activists; her education; and her career as a teacher. Eilers' husband, Robert Byrne, discusses his involvement in the labor movement, and talks about leaving the priesthood. Eilers also discusses balancing her career and raising a family.

This oral history interview with Michael Gutwig was conducted by James Louderman from May 11 to July 14, 2001, as part of the Oregon Labor Oral History Program, which collects oral histories of individuals who have advocated for working people of Oregon, including public figures, union members, and workers. The interview was conducted in five sessions.

In the first interview session, conducted on May 11, 2011, Gutwig discusses his family background and early life in the Parkrose neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, including his father's career as a drywall finisher and union involvement in Painters Local 10. He talks about his early journalism career, including his experiences working for his high school newspaper as a reporter and editor; and job shadowing with Gene Klare of the Oregon Labor Press, now the Northwest Labor Press.

In the second interview session, conducted on May 18, 2011, Gutwig continues to discuss his family background and early life in the Parkrose neighborhood of Portland, Oregon. He talks about his family's political and religious beliefs; taking guitar lessons; and meeting his future wife, Lori Clark, in high school. He then talks about studying journalism at Mount Hood Community College, including working at the college newspaper and playing baseball. He speaks at length about his relationship with Lori Clark. He discusses his activities after college and shares his memories of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.

In the third interview session, conducted on June 1, 2011, Gutwig continues to share his memories of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. He talks about his experience as a journeyman drywall finisher. He then discusses working as sports editor for the Central Oregonian newspaper. He talks about life in Prineville, describes the process of publishing a newspaper in the 1980s, and talks about covering high school sports and rodeos. He speaks about selling ad space for the paper, raising a family in Prineville, and returning to Portland to work for the Northwest Labor Press in 1986. He describes the interview process for the job of managing editor of the Northwest Labor Press.

In the fourth interview session, conducted on June 30, 2011, Gutwig continues to describe the interview process for the job of managing editor of the Northwest Labor Press. He then talks about his career as managing editor of the newspaper, including how the paper operated and working with Gene Klare. He describes the changes he made to the production of the paper, particularly the introduction of desktop publishing. He also shares the history of the Northwest Labor Press. He talks about his relationship with Portland labor leaders, about the lack of coverage about labor issues in the mainstream press, and about how working at the Northwest Labor Press affected his political beliefs. He discusses the paper's distribution, speculates about the future of the paper, and talks about labor in politics. He also talks about Barbara Roberts.

In the fifth and final interview session, conducted on July 14, 2011, Gutwig speaks at length about the effects of NAFTA, of the attacks on September 11, 2001, and of changes to the National Labor Relations Board on labor unions. He also talks about the relationship between labor and the Democratic Party, particularly with President Barack Obama. He discusses operating the Northwest Labor Press at the time of the interview in 2011 and talks about his staff, including Don McIntosh. He talks about labor union membership, about the benefits of collective bargaining, and about the attacks on unions from conservative politicians. He closes the interview by discussing the target audience of the Northwest Labor Press, talking about the future of the paper, and sharing some of the things he learned over his years reporting on labor issues.

This oral history interview with Michael S. Lincicum was conducted by John P. Strassmaier from January 11 to April 6, 2011. In this interview, Lincicum discusses family background and early life in Portland, Oregon, including his early education. He discusses attending Willamette University, particularly his role as president of his fraternity. He talks about attending the University of Wisconsin and his transfer to the University of Oregon. He also talks about student protests against the Vietnam War and his feelings about the prospect of being drafted. He describes how his status as a conscientious objector led to a job working for the Oregon Educational Coordinating Commission. He describes conducting a study on education programs for children with disabilities and speaks at length about the reforms that were underway during Governor Tom McCall's administration. He also discusses his other duties at the commission. He then talks about working as a budget analyst under Robert W. Smith for the Oregon Budget and Management Division. He describes Smith's philosophy of budget analysis; his first assignment as budget analyst for the Mental Health Division; and the process of calculating budgets without computers. He describes the workplace culture in state government and how it changed under different governors. Lincicum discusses working as administrative services director for the Oregon Children Services Department, then in the Oregon Mental Health Services Department. He speaks at length about mismanagement of Mental Health Services, particularly at Fairview Hospital. He also talks about his brief time as acting director of Mental Health Services; the decertification and re-certification of Fairview Hospital; a state employee strike in the late 1980s; and personnel changes at the various state hospitals. He talks about the closure of Damasch Hospital; leaving the Mental Health Services Department; working as an administrator for the Oregon Health Plan; and returning to the Budget and Management Division. He speaks at length about political appointees he's worked with and other state departments he did projects for, particularly the Department of Motor Vehicles. He talks about his job duties leading up to his retirement in 2000. He closes the interview by talking about his retirement activities.

This oral history interview with Ellen Goldberg was conducted by Annica Eagle and Spencer Trueax on February 24, 2011. Eagle and Trueax conducted the interview for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest as part of Professor Pat Young's senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University.

In this interview, Goldberg discusses her involvement in the founding of the Mountain Moving Cafe, a collective-run coffeehouse, in Portland, Oregon; talks about how she and other people in the collective ran it as an "anti-profit" business; and speaks about events held at the cafe. She discusses the cafe's association with gay and women's groups and talks about life in the collective. She speaks about her activities since leaving the collective, particularly her involvement in gay and women's rights activism. She closes the interview by talking about the poem that inspired the cafe's name, "The Day the Mountains Move" by Yosano Akiko.

This oral history interview with Lee Coleman was conducted by Katrina Griffiths and Joshua Fackrell on February 17, 2011. Griffiths and Fackrell conducted the interview for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest as part of Professor Pat Young's senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University.

In this interview, Coleman discusses his involvement with the Log Cabin Republicans in California and Oregon. He discusses the political fight against Measure 9, an Oregon ballot measure against LGBTQ rights, in 1992. He also talks about the state of the Republican Party at the time of the interview in 2011. He discusses the reasons he became a Democrat in 2004; talks about recent gay rights legislation in Oregon; and speculates about the future of gay rights. He closes the interview by encouraging his interviewers to become more politically active.

This oral history interview with Larry S. Copeland was conducted by Emily Bowen and Kenty Truong on February 17, 2011. Bowen and Truong conducted the interview for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest as part of Professor Pat Young's senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University.

In this interview, Copeland discusses his early life in Redmond and Portland, Oregon. He talks about his social life as a gay man in the mid-20th century, particularly the role of Portland gay bars. He speaks at length about his involvement with the Portland Town Council. He also discusses his 1982 campaign for the Portland City Council. He speaks about the progression of gay rights in the United States; talks about his experience during the AIDS epidemic; and speaks about the various jobs he worked. The interview closes with discussion about the senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University.

This oral history interview with Steve Suss was conducted by Danita Doun and Lachelle Ogden on February 15, 2011, as part of their Capstone course at Portland State University, under instructor Pat Young. Doun and Ogden conducted the interview for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest, which collects the histories of organizations and individuals active in lesbian and gay issues in the Portland area and throughout the Pacific Northwest. In addition to the audio, the collection includes a transcript of the interview and photographs of Suss.

In the interview, Suss discusses his ownership of Embers, a gay bar in Portland, Oregon. He also talks about serving on the board for Esther's Pantry, which provides food and clothing for people with AIDS. He discusses his stance on marriage equality; talks about owning a bar and steam bath in Seattle, Washington, but leaving due to city government corruption; and talks about his reasons for relocating to Portland and some of his early business ventures. He discusses the early years of owning Embers, beginning in 1971, including his attempt to expand its original location, and moving to the location on Broadway in 1981. He also talks about his relationship with his partner and his family. He closes the interview by talking about a lawsuit against the Oregon Liquor Control Commission that he was involved in.

This oral history interview with Chris Mazzuca was conducted by Sarah Tolle and Andrew Clark on February 10, 2011. Tolle and Clark conducted the interview for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest as part of Professor Pat Young's senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University.

In this interview, Mazzuca describes her experiences as a softball player in the late 1950s and early 1960s. She focuses on her time playing with the Erv Lind Florists in Portland, Oregon. She discusses her sexual identity and how that informed her social life while on the team. She talks about how the sport of softball has changed, about her induction into the ASA National Softball Hall of Fame in 2007, and about her experiences as a woman in sports in the mid-20th century. She also describes her role as a pitcher. She closes the interview by talking about her relationship with the aunt who raised her.

This oral history interview with Sally H. Cohn was conducted by Jade Davis and Erin Babcock Musick at Cohn's home in Portland, Oregon, on February 8, 2011. Davis and Musick conducted the interview for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest as part of Professor Pat Young's senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University.

In this interview, Cohn talks about teaching herself to hand whistle. She discusses her preference for short hair and talks about lesbian stereotypes. She talks about her involvement in gay and lesbian rights organizations, including the Lesbian Community Project and Old Lesbians Organizing for Change. She also shares the experience of coming out to her family in the 1970s. She talks about her volunteer work; about the fight against Measure 9, an initiative against LGBTQ rights, in 1992; and about her work for an alcohol and drug treatment center in Portland, which is now known as the Avel Gordly Healing Center. She closes the interview by talking about writing her book, "A Handwhistler: Memories of Creativity and Activism," and speaking about her 2010 appearance as a handwhistler on "America's Got Talent."

This oral history interview with Patricia A. Cach was conducted by Aaron Powell and Dorothy Zapf on February 4, 2011. Powell and Zapf conducted the interview for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest as part of Professor Pat Young's senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University.

In this interview, Cach describes her experiences as a fan of the Erv Lind Florists, a softball team in Portland, Oregon. She talks about Erv Lind and his support for the team; about the players, particularly Chris Mazzuca; and about the 1962 Women's Softball Tournament. She also speaks about coaching another Portland softball team, the Lavender Menace 2. She shares her experiences as a lesbian in the mid-20th century and talks about her opinion on marriage. She talks about playing in an all-lesbian jug band, about her interest in art, and about why her interest in softball waned. She discusses her spirituality and her identity as a lesbian. She closes the interview by talking about her relationship with her brother.

Hawes discusses his involvement (since the mid-1980s) with the Rosetown Ramblers, a Portland chapter of the Gay & Lesbian Square Dancing Association.

Philips discusses his involvement (since the 1980s) with the Rosetown Ramblers, a gay & lesbian square dancing club and with the leather & S/M community.

O'Scannlain discusses his family background and Irish heritage, his childhood in New York City, his education at St. John's Prep and Harvard, his involvement with the National Young Republicans and Trumpeters, his work as a lawyer in Portland, Oregon with the Dave Briggs firm (aka Stoel Rices) and Ragen, Roberts & O'Scannlain, his involvement in Republican politics and the Reagan administration, nuclear power, his appointment to the 9th Circuit Court, and some of the cases he oversaw while on that court.

Segel, a history professor at Reed College, discusses his knowledge of some of the local Portland non-profit organizations including Basic Rights Oregon (BRO), Love Makes A Family, Right to Pride, and Portland Town Council. Segel also discusses his experience of the AIDS epidemic, and his seeing a therapist during the early 1970s in order to come to terms with his homosexuality.

Maria Council is co-founder/President of Peacock After Dark. Council discusses her introduction to drag; her drag influences including "drag mother" Patty O'Dora and Lady Elaine Peacock; her reputation as Northwest's First Lesbian Drag Queen and subsequently as the first biologically female Empress of the Rose Court; her experiences in workplaces that required different levels of closeting and self-censorship; and her involvement with the local Portland church community.

Thorpe discusses her tenure as Director of Basic Rights Oregon (2001-2006) and her subsequent role on staff at Planned Parenthood in Portland. Thorpe also discusses her youth in Columbia, SC, her coming-out process during the early 1980s, and the significant positions she has held in organizations dedicated to LGBT rights, non-profit community childcare, and at Empire State Pride Agenda (NY).

Besant discusses her involvement in the earliest incarnation of the vocal group The Dyketones; coming out in her early thirties (to herself & to her family); her commitment to Women In the Wilderness (aka Keep Listening); her life with her partner, Marcia; and the community at the Mountain Moving Cafe in the 1980s.

Radosta discusses his childhood in Salem, OR; his coming out process (at age 27); his professional life as a journalist (including a stint at gay Portland newspaper, Just Out); and his solo performance endeavors.

Leo speaks of her experiences as an out lesbian pastor in the United Church of Christ; her experiences in Nicaragua during the 1980s that led to her decision to attend a Presbyterian seminary; homophobia within the church; and social justice & activism. She also addresses the difficulty her mother had in accepting Leo's lesbianism.

This oral history interview with John A. Jelderks was conducted by Donna Sinclair from December 19-27, 2006, and Jan Dilg from May 28 to September 16, 2009, as part of the United States District Court Oral History Project. The interview was conducted in five sessions. The first two sessions were recorded on audiocassette; Audiocassette 1 is missing, but its content is reflected in the interview transcript. The third and fourth sessions were recorded as digital audio files. The fifth session was recorded simultaneously as digital audio files and on videocassette; the audio files contain additional content.

In the first interview session, conducted on December 19, 2006, Jelderks discusses his family background and early life in Salem, Oregon, including his education, recreational activities, and summer jobs. He also shares his memories of life in Salem during World War II, including neighbors who fought in the war, and the U.S. government's incarceration of Japanese Americans.

In the second interview session, conducted on December 27, 2006, Jelderks discusses his experiences studying psychology and later law at Willamette University, including his involvement in a fraternity, his service in the Oregon Air National Guard and the U.S. Air Force Reserve, and some of his law school professors and classmates. He shares his opinion on sentencing guidelines, discusses how the practice of law changed, and briefly talks about his first marriage and raising a family. He talks about his experience as a law clerk for Oregon Supreme Court Justice Gordon Sloan and about his relationship with other justices. He talks about his career as a district attorney for Marion and Hood River counties, and talks about some of the cases he prosecuted, including a rape case.

In the third interview session, conducted on May 28, 2009, Jelderks continues to discuss his service as Hood River County district attorney from 1966 to 1971. He describes some of the cases he prosecuted, then discusses working as a lawyer in a private practice in Hood River for a short time. He speaks about serving as a judge in Oregon's 7th judicial district. He describes the appointment process, discusses adjusting to a judge's workload, and talks about his re-election campaigns. He also discusses his unsuccessful 1988 campaign for a seat on the Oregon Supreme Court. He talks about cases he heard, particularly domestic relations cases, and about writing decisions.

In the fourth interview session, conducted on August 20, 2009, Jelderks continues to discuss serving as a judge in Oregon's 7th judicial district. He speaks at length about hearing cases regarding the Rajneeshees. He then revisits the topic of his unsuccessful campaign for a seat on the Oregon Supreme Court. He talks about the changes in his family during the 1970s and 1980s, including his second marriage, and the death of one of his children in a car collision.

In the fifth and final interview session, conducted on September 16, 2009, Jelderks discusses his involvement with the Hood River Rotary Club. He speaks at length about serving as a magistrate judge for the U.S. District Court of Oregon from 1991 to the time of the interview. He describes the appointment process, discusses the role of magistrate judges in Oregon, and talks about judges he worked with. He describes the differences between the state and federal courts, and speaks at length about his decision in the Kennewick Man case, which regarded the custody of ancient Native American remains. He closes the interview by sharing his thoughts on restorative justice, on the concept of judicial activism, and on electing judges.

This interview is the 2nd of two separate interviews conducted in 2009. Hinkle focuses on the No On 9 campaign and his efforts in defeating Ballot Measure 9. Also discussed is the Oregon Citizens Alliance and its leaders, Lon Mabon and Scott Lively (whom Hinkle debated in a well-known Town Council broadcast.)

This oral history interview with Cindy Cumfer was conducted by Erik Funkhouser and Tim Aguirre on February 21, 2009, for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest. The interview was conducted as part of a senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University, with Instructor Pat Young. One name was redacted from the audio and transcript at Cumfer's request.

In this interview, Cumfer discusses her involvement in the gay community and gay liberation movement in Portland, Oregon, in the 1970s. She talks about bars, restaurants, and bookstores that were welcoming to gay people. She discusses her work as a lawyer for the Community Law Project in Portland, and talks about some of the cases she worked on, particularly custody cases involving lesbians, and cases involving adoptions by gay parents. She also talks about the judicial career of Katharine Nachtigal. She discusses the Oregon ballot measures against LGBTQ rights in the 1980s and 1990s, and talks about how the homophobic campaign rhetoric led to her involvement in the First Unitarian Church. She closes the interview by discussing a case regarding guardianship and same-sex couples that got national attention in the 1980s.

This oral history interview with Larry D. Smith was conducted by Tanesha Dawson and Halla Williams in Beaverton, Oregon, on February 12, 2009, for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest. The interview was conducted as part of a senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University, with instructor Pat Young. The interview took place at a hair salon where Smith was working, and customers often interrupted.

In this interview, Smith discusses his involvement with the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network, a national organization dedicated to making school safe for LGBTQ youth. He talks about working with LGBTQ youth; describes some of the issues facing them, including familial abandonment and bullying; and discusses the ways GLSEN tries to address those issues. He describes how his activism with GLSEN affected his career as a history teacher in the Beaverton School District. He talks about homophobia and rebuts some common justifications for anti-gay beliefs. He speaks about his work building an AIDS education curriculum and about the importance of comprehensive sex education. He also talks about his current relationship. He describes his work to expand the Oregon chapter of GLSEN, talks about events he organized, and speaks about his hopes for his legacy. He closes the interview by talking about traveling and making presentations for GLSEN during his retirement, and by reflecting on his teaching career.

This oral history interview with George Oberg was conducted by Heather Burmeister and Brian Aune on February 18, 2009, for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest. The interview was conducted as part of a senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University with instructor Pat Young. A transcript of the interview is available.

In this interview, Oberg discusses his early life on a farm in Hazel Dell, Washington, and talks about his involvement in the Portland gay community in the 1960s. He shares the origins of the Second Foundation, the first gay support organization in Oregon; talks about his work as president of the foundation; and speaks at length about the work of the organization. He also talks about working as a teacher to visually impaired young adults. He speaks about his life with his partner, Gary, talks about his partner's death from AIDS, and shares his memories of the effect of the AIDS epidemic on the gay community in Oregon and Washington. He closes the interview by speaking further about the work of the Second Foundation, including its newsletter, "The Fountain." He closes the interview by sharing a story about a company he worked for, in which the company discovered it had been polluting the Columbia River.

George Eighmey discusses his involvement with progressive causes, his life in the Portland neighborhood of Ladd's Addition, and his years as an Oregon legislator during the 1990s.

This oral history interview with Kimberlee Van Patten was conducted by Katie Horton and Amy Sherwood on February 12, 2009, for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest. The interview was conducted as part of a senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University, with instructor Pat Young.

In this interview, Van Patten discusses her early life in Portland, Oregon. She shares her experiences going to gay bars in Portland during the 1980s and describes how she became involved with the Imperial Sovereign Rose Court, Oregon's oldest LGBTQ organization, which holds annual drag-themed charity galas that award titles ranging from Mister and Miss Gay Oregon to Rose Empress and Emperor. She talks about participating in Imperial Sovereign Rose Court pageants, her marriage to Blayne Van Patten, a drag queen who performs under the name Patti O'Dora, and her later relationship with Maria Peters Lake, also known as Rose Empress XXXVI Maria. She discusses her relationship with Lady Elaine Peacock, and speaks at length about her management of Peacock Productions, Inc. and the Audria M. Edwards Scholarship Fund. She shares the reasons why she and Lake ended the annual free event Peacock in the Park after 2004, and describes the operations of the scholarship fund. She also talks about her break-up with Lake. She discusses her reign as Rose Emperor XXIII Kimberlee Van Patten of the Imperial Sovereign Rose Court in 1996. She closes the interview by describing the effects of the AIDS epidemic on the Portland gay community.

This oral history interview with Charles F. Hinkle was conducted by Michael Lamore and Michelle Brown on February 10, 2009, for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest. The interview was conducted as part of a senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University with instructor Pat Young. A transcript of the interview is available.

In this interview, Hinkle speaks at length about his work as a lawyer representing Peggy Burton, a teacher in Salem, Oregon, who was fired for being a lesbian. He also talks about his experience working with the Black community in Atlanta, Georgia, during the 1960s, as part of his education at Union Theological Seminary, and discusses how that experience led him to pursue a career as a civil rights lawyer. He discusses the change to the anti-discrimination policy of Portland Public Schools to include sexual orientation, and talks about attempts to lobby the Oregon State Legislature to make a similar change in the 1970s. He speaks about his involvement with the Portland Town Council, a gay rights organization; talks about appearing on Fox News' "The O'Reilly Factor" in 2005; and discusses the failures of Democratic legislators to pass anti-discrimination legislation that includes sexual orientation. He talks about his service on Oregon Governor Bob Straub's task force on sexual preference, discusses his attempts to get law firms to adopt anti-discrimination policies, and describes the types of cases he prefers to work on. He speaks about how societal acceptance of LGBT people changed over the second half of the 20th century, and also about the rise of anti-gay groups such as the Oregon Citizens Alliance. He closes the interview by discussing the importance of continuing the fight for civil rights.