This oral history interview with Betty B. Cleator was conducted by Madeline Moore in Warrenton, Oregon, on June 6, 1981. In this interview, Cleator briefly discusses her family background and early life, talks about how she came to work in the Kaiser shipyard in Vancouver, Washington, and shares her experiences as a drafter. She describes the work she did as a draftsman, and speaks at length about the drafting process at Kaiser. She talks about studying landscape architecture in college, and about the difficulty of finding a job in that field as a woman. She describes daily life in the shipyards, shares stories about the dangers of the work, and talks about the discrimination women faced from their union. She shares her memories of life in Portland during the early days of World War II. She talks about jobs she held after the end of the war and discusses how attitudes toward women in the workforce changed.

This oral history interview with Nell M. Conley was conducted by Sara Cook and Amy Kesselman in March 1981. In the interview, Conley discusses her experiences as a welder and crane operator at the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation. She talks about using the shipyard day care center, about her commute, and about her involvement in a fashion show for welders. She discusses some of the people she worked with, her membership in the Boilermakers Union, and the treatment of the women workers after the war. She describes her job duties as a crane operator and talks about working as a telephone operator after the war. She closes the interview by sharing her observations on the treatment of Black shipyard workers. Complete transcript available (30 pages).

This oral history interview with Kay Blair was conducted by Madeline Moore on April 26, 1980. Blair’s daughter, Nancy K. Blair, was also present. In this interview, Blair discusses her experience working as an electrician in the Kaiser shipyard on Swan Island. She talks about her commute, about balancing home life and her career, and shares instances of sexual harassment she experienced from her male coworkers. She describes working with asbestos and other health hazards of the job. She also talks about race and sex segregation that she observed. She describes a typical work day, talks about her training, and shares her reasons for seeking work as an electrician. She also talks about the Kaiser child service centers. She discusses her reasons for leaving the shipyards and talks about her life after the war. She also talks about her membership in the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) and describes her working and living conditions. She closes the interview by sharing her thoughts about the women’s movement and feminism. Incomplete transcript available (13 pages).

The sound quality of this interview is very poor. This oral history interview with Carrie Chapman was conducted by Madeline Moore and Karen Wickre on May 12, 1980. In this interview, Chapman discusses living and teaching in Eastern Oregon, and talks about teaching special education in Portland schools. She describes how she came to work as a welder at the Commercial Iron Works shipyards in Portland. She describes the dangers of the job, talks about her job duties, and discusses the treatment women workers received in Portland, from both men and other women. She shares her feelings about working with Black people. She describes naval inspections, talks about people she worked with, and shares her feelings about the the U.S. government's incarceration of Japanese Americans. She also talks about necessary protective gear.

This oral history interview with Helen E. Berggren was conducted by Sara Cook and Lynn Taylor at Berggren’s home in Brush Prairie, Oregon, on May 23, 1981. In this interview, Berggren discusses her early life in North Dakota and describes the death of her mother in 1920. She talks about working as an electrician at the Kaiser shipyard in Vancouver, Washington. She talks about other jobs she worked and raising her family. She speaks about the people she worked with at the shipyard, about her job duties, and about the dangers of the job. She speaks at length about her life after the war, particularly about houses where she lived in Brush Prairie, and revisits the topic of her early life to talk about her education. She closes the interview by talking about a trip she took to Washington, D.C. Complete transcript available (36 pages).

This oral history interview with Reva E. Baker was conducted by Sandy Polishuk at Baker’s home in Lake Oswego, Oregon, on April 24, 1981. The audio recording is incomplete; Tape 1 of the interview was not included in the donation of this collection to the Oregon Historical Society. In this interview, Baker discusses her experience as a welder at the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation in Portland, Oregon, during World War II. She looks through her scrapbook and talks about the newspaper clippings, photographs, and letters in it. She describes her job duties, discusses the ship construction process, and talks about celebrity visits to the shipyards. She discusses the dangers of the job. She also shares her memories of participating in a welding contest. She shares her thoughts about the women’s liberation movement. She talks about her life after the end of the war, including her career with a telephone company, and about her family.

This oral history interview with Kay Baker was conducted by Karen Wickre at Baker’s home in Portland, Oregon, on April 4, 1981. In this interview, Baker discusses her early life in Oswego (now known as Lake Oswego), Oregon, including her experiences during the Depression. She shares the reasons why she chose not to get married. She then talks about working as a burner for the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation and for Commercial Iron Works, describes how the work affected her health, and discusses some of the people she worked with. She talks about her wages, about her membership in the Boilermakers Union, and about her reasons for leaving the shipyards. She shares her observations about the experiences of Black shipyard workers, describes a typical workday, and describes some of the treatment that women workers received from their male coworkers. She talks about her life after the war, particularly her experiences working at Precision Cast Parts. She closes the interview by sharing her thoughts on the women’s movement and feminism. Complete transcript available (52 pages).

This oral history interview with Doris Avshalomov was conducted by Madeline Moore at Avshalomov’s home in Portland, Oregon, on June 5, 1981. In this interview, Avshalomov discusses her early life in Portland, Oregon, including her experience at Reed College. She speaks about working as an electrician in the Kaiser shipyard in Vancouver, Washington; shares her observations on the experiences of Black shipyard workers; and describes some of the discrimination she experienced due to her age, her gender, and her friendliness towards Black workers. She talks about her training and describes her job duties; talks about her living situation; and then speaks about her life after the war. She shares her reasons for leaving the shipyards in 1944. She reads a poem she wrote about working in the shipyards. She closes the interview by talking about some of the people she met in the shipyards. Complete transcript available (35 pages).

This oral history interview with Ree F. Adkins was conducted by Lynn Taylor at Adkins’ home in Vancouver, Washington, on June 2, 1981. In this interview, Adkins discusses her family background and early life in Hardman, Oregon. She talks about her career as a teacher, about her experience during the Depression, and about her marriage to Conser L. Adkins. She describes how she came to work as an electrician at the Kaiser shipyards in Vancouver, Washington, during World War II, and shares her experiences as a woman worker in the shipyards. She talks about her job duties, about the people she worked with, and about the protective clothing she wore. She discusses her living conditions during the war, her commute to the shipyards, and briefly working in the cafeteria at the Kaiser hospital. She describes a typical day during the time she worked in the shipyards, talks about her life after the end of the war, and shares her thoughts about women in the workforce.

This oral history interview with Dorothy R. Anderson was conducted by Amy Kesselman at the U.S. Bancorp Building in Portland, Oregon, on May 22, 1981. In this interview, Anderson discusses her early life in Salem, and talks about jobs she worked during the Depression. She describes how she came to work as an electrician at Commercial Iron Works and at the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation in Portland. She also talks about her marriage in 1940 and about her divorce in 1944. She shares her experiences as a woman worker in the shipyards, talks about her job duties, and describes the dangers of the job. She talks about the jobs she held after the end of the war, particularly her career with the U.S. National Bank of Oregon, shares her thoughts on the women's liberation movement, and discusses her plans for retirement.

This oral history interview with Eva Aigner and Les Aigner was conducted in two sessions in 2018. The interview was recorded for The Immigrant Story, an organization that documents and archives the stories of immigrants and refugees in the United States. The first session was conducted by Jim Lommasson and Sankar Raman. The second session was conducted by Elizabeth Mehren and Sankar Raman.

In the first session of this interview, Lommasson describes a recent exhibit he worked on called "What We Carried," and gives a copy of a related book to the Aigners. The Aigners discuss their work with the Holocaust Memorial Coalition and the Holocaust Memorial in Portland, Oregon. They also talk about the few personal possessions and photographs they still have from their lives before and during the Holocaust; Les Aigner's experience being sent to Dachau on the "death train"; and Eva Aigner's experience being rescued by her mother while awaiting execution along the Danube with her sister. Les Aigner also talks about his few months in Auschwitz, and they both discuss a trip they took to all the death camp sites, Auschwitz included. They then talk about scheduling for the next interview session and make small talk.

In the second session, the Aigners discuss their work educating the public about the Holocaust. They talk about the circumstances that led to the Holocaust, including the increasing anti-Semitism they experienced. They also talk about life in post-war Communist Hungary. Les Aigner describes his experience in Auschwitz, including the deaths of his mother and sister in the gas chambers; describes returning to Auschwitz on a recent trip; and discusses his liberation from Dachau in 1945. Eva Aigner talks about living in the Jewish ghetto in Budapest, Hungary, her mother's escape from the freight train taking her to a death camp; and the liberation of the ghetto in 1945. Eva Aigner also talks about another unnamed Holocaust survivor's story.

The Aigners describe life in post-war Communist Hungary, including food shortages during the 1956 revolution and their decision to flee. They describe escaping to Austria on Christmas Eve of 1956, immigrating to the United States, and settling in Portland, Oregon. They warn that the Holocaust could happen again, and discuss current political issues that alarm them. They talk about the jobs they worked in Portland, and Eva speaks at length about working as a cosmetologist. They close the interview by discussing the importance of sharing stories like theirs.

This oral history interview with Bill Fuller was conducted by Jamie Minkus and Kirsten Wall in Portland, Oregon, on January 24, 2002. The interview was conducted as part of the Oregon Wine Archives Oral History Project, which collected interviews with notable figures in the wine-growing industry, including vintners, vineyard growers, community members, and workers active in the development of Oregon's wine industry. A transcript is also available.

In this interview, Fuller discusses his early experience with winemaking at the Italian Swiss Colony in Santa Rosa, California. He shares the reasons why he and fellow winemaker Bill Malkmus chose the area of Forest Grove, Oregon, to establish their winery, Tualatin Vineyards; talks about the types of grapes they grew; and discusses the first wines they made in the 1970s. He speaks about his involvement with the Oregon Winegrowers Association and talks about wine labeling legislation the organization lobbied for. He talks about the growth of the Oregon wine industry and market since the 1970s, and how it changed during the 1980s. He also talks about winning best of show at the International Wine and Spirits Competition with a Pinot Noir and a Chardonnay in the same year. He discusses his partnership with Bill Malkmus; talks about his children and their careers; and closes the interview by sharing his winemaking philosophy.

This oral history interview with Dick Troon was conducted by Jamie Minkus and Kirsten Wall at Troon Vineyards in the Applegate Valley, Oregon, on April 20, 2002. The interview was conducted as part of the Oregon Wine Archives Oral History Project, which collected interviews with notable figures in the wine-growing industry, including vintners, vineyard growers, community members, and workers active in the development of Oregon's wine industry.

In this interview, Troon describes the beginnings of Troon Vineyard. He talks about planting the first grapevines in 1972, about taking a class on viticulture at Oregon State University, and about beginning to make wine in 1993. He discusses the growth of the wine industry in Oregon, talks about the climate and terroir of the Applegate Valley, and speaks about other winemakers in the region. He also talks about the State of Jefferson movement in relation to the Applegate Valley wine industry, discusses how the region differs from the Willamette Valley, and shares his experiences making Cabernet and Zinfandel wines. He talks about his children, their families, and their careers. He closes the interview by discussing his involvement with the Oregon Winegrowers Association, and Oregon wine label regulations.

This oral history interview with John D. Weisinger was conducted by Jamie Minkus and Kirsten Wall on May 24, 2002. The interview was conducted as part of the Oregon Wine Archives Oral History Project, which collected interviews with notable figures in the wine-growing industry, including vintners, vineyard growers, community members, and workers active in the development of Oregon's wine industry. The sound quality of this interview is extremely poor, and much of it is inaudible.

In this interview, Weisinger discusses the history of the area around the Weisinger Winery in Ashland, Oregon, and shares the reasons that he chose the site to purchase in 1978. He also talks about his family history of winemaking, then speaks about the early years of his winery, including the process of planting his first grapes. He discusses the wine industry in Oregon, and talks about the Oregon Winegrowers Association and the market for Oregon wines. He closes the interview by talking about the future of the Oregon wine industry, and shares his thoughts about how climate change will affect winegrowers.

This oral history interview with Richard F. Berg was conducted by Leigh Coffey in August 1996. The interview was conducted as part of the Legacy of Hope: Catholics and Social Justice Project, which collected interviews with Catholic clergy members in Oregon about their work on social action in the Roman Catholic tradition. The interview was conducted in three sessions.

In the first interview session, conducted on August 2, 1996, Berg discusses his family background and talks about how his family influenced his spirituality. He discusses his early life in Portland, Oregon, and speaks about his sisters, their families, and their careers. He also shares his childhood experiences during World War II while his father worked as chief surgeon at a military hospital at Fort Ord, California. He speaks about his decision to go to seminary and shares his experiences at the seminary at Notre Dame University. He also talks about fundraising for the March of Dimes as a teenager and about what the experience taught him about generosity. He then discusses a trip to Guatemala after he became a priest and talks about his work in Texas with youth struggling with drug addiction.

In the second interview session, conducted on August 3, 1996, Berg further discusses his early life in Portland and talks about his relationship with Catholicism during his youth, including in his schooling and at home. He shares his thoughts about the inclusivity of the Catholic Church. He talks about his service as pastor for the St. Andre Parish, also known as the Downtown Chapel, and speaks at length about his work with people experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder, drug addiction, and homelessness. He talks about his involvement with the Northwest Neighborhood Association and about life in the neighborhood. He speaks about his experience during a trip to Japan in 1987.

In the third and final interview session, conducted in August 1996, Berg discusses his mentors in the Catholic Church and talks about their work. He shares his strategies for maintaining enthusiasm for new projects, and speaks about his work with the MacDonald Center, now the Maybelle Center for Community, an organization dedicated to building community for people who are socially isolated. He talks about counseling draftees during the Vietnam War in Texas, and speaks further about his work with people with post-traumatic stress disorder. He shares his thoughts on the Catholic Church's stance on homosexuality, talks about social justice issues that he believes the church should address, particularly poverty, and closes the interview by describing the concept of "social mercy."

This oral history interview with James K. Logan was conducted by Toni R. Black Cloud in Portland, Oregon, over three sessions from April 12 to May 23, 2002, as part of the Radical Elders oral history series. The interview was conducted as part of a senior capstone class on history at Portland State University, with instructor Sandy Polishuk. The sound quality during session 2 is very poor, and during session 3, the tape recorder malfunctioned.

In the first interview session, conducted on April 12, 2002, Logan discusses his family background and early life on the Washington coast. He describes family life with an abusive, alcoholic father and shares his memories of the murder of his father in 1969. He discusses his experiences in the foster care system in Oregon, and describes how he became homeless at age 12. He speaks at length about his experience as a homeless teenager in Portland during the 1970s, describes the dangers and stress of that life, and talks about his experiences with police and the justice system as an unhoused person. He discusses his six-year incarceration in MacLaren Youth Correctional Facility, talks about his alcoholism and drug addiction, and discusses his later experiences being incarcerated in his 20s. He then speaks about his efforts to get sober, about his involvement with the American Indian Movement, and about his relationships with women.

In the second interview session, conducted on May 9, 2002, Logan speaks further about his experiences as a homeless teenager and talks about his work mentoring youth gang members. He speaks further about his involvement with the American Indian Movement, talks about connecting to his Native American heritage, and describes discrimination he experienced as a person of color. He talks about attending pow-wows.

In the third and final interview session, conducted on May 23, 2002, Logan continues to discuss attending pow-wows and talks about the spiritual significance of playing drums. He speaks further about getting sober in 1989, and also about his involvement with the American Indian Movement. He describes his experiences working in the sobriety program at Native American Rehabilitation Association of the Northwest, Inc. He talks about his sister, who had also experienced homelessness as a teenager. He speaks about going through the 12-step sobriety program. He talks about his work history in roofing and construction, discusses racism he experienced, and speaks at length about his relationship with his children and their mothers. He closes the interview by talking about his civil rights activism, and about his health.

This oral history interview with Neva Elliott was conducted by S. Diane Rynerson from April 10 to July 10, 1992, as part of the United States District Court Oral History Project. The interview was conducted in seven sessions. The audio for session 7 is missing; its contents are included in an incomplete transcript of the interview.

In the first interview session, conducted on April 10, 1992, Elliott discusses her family background and early life in Damascus, Oregon, including the store and dance hall that her parents operated, her family's farm, and her social life. She describes family vacations, and shares her memories of family homes in Twin Rocks, Oregon, and in the Irvington neighborhood of Portland. She talks about the impact the Great Depression had on her family. She discusses her experiences at Jefferson High School in Portland, including acting as public speaker for the school's community chest. She then talks about her love for writing, especially poetry. She shares why she decided to attend Reed College, and talks about what she studied.

In the second interview session, conducted on May 1, 1992, Elliott continues to discuss her experiences at Reed College, including her involvement in literary activities, a fast reading class she took and how it influenced her legal research, and her social life. She speaks at length about Reed College, including its reputation, social activities, and academic system. She then talks about her experience on the debate team, and particularly the Reed College Players, a student group that produced dramas. She also shares her memories about meeting James Beard through Reed College Players. She then talks about attending Northwestern College of Law in Portland while working as a secretary for Charles Spackman. She briefly talks about meeting her husband, Neil Chinnock, in law school. She discusses her early law career as a secretary for Frank Seaver, and as a court referee for U.S. Bankruptcy Court Judge Esta Snedeker. She talks about her experience as a lawyer, including bankruptcy cases and criminal cases. She also talks about starting her own law practice in Portland during World War II.

In the third interview session, conducted on May 15, 1992, Elliott shares her memories of appearing before Judge Alger Fee. She speaks at length about cases she worked on, including a criminal case she argued before Judge Robert S. Bain. She talks about the challenges she faced as a woman in the field of law. She also shares her memories of Judge Claude McCulloch. She then talks about her appointment as judge in the municipal court, and briefly discusses serving as a pro tem judge on the Multnomah County District Court.

In the fourth interview session, conducted on June 4, 1992, Elliott speaks at length about some of her cases as a lawyer, including being hired by a woman called as a witness against Chicago mobster Mickey Cohen, and the woman's subsequent murder. She talks about her involvement in several clubs, including the advertising club, about women attorneys she was acquainted with, and about handling her inheritance from her mother. She also talks about receiving an estate from a former client.

In the fifth interview session, conducted on June 26, 1992, Elliott speaks further about women lawyers she was acquainted with, including Shirley Field, Jean L. Lewis, and Helen Althaus. She also talks at length about Portland Mayor Dorothy McCullough Lee, and about Oregon's first woman judge, Mary Jane Spurlin. She discusses serving as chair of the Lewis and Clark College alumni class of 1935.

In the sixth interview session, conducted on July 10, 1992, Elliott talks about her involvement with several clubs and organizations, including the women's advertising club and the Advertisement Association of the West. She then talks about her friendship with Robert Gros, a retired vice president of Pacific Gas and Electric. She speaks at length about trips to Central America, India, and Europe. She also briefly discusses hearing about the death of John F. Kennedy during her travels, and shares her obsrvations of reactions to the news around the world. She then talks about her interest in Asian cultures and antiques, and describes her antique and book collections.

This oral history interview with Khalil Edwards was conducted by Natasha Lipai and Stephen Quirke at the offices of Basic Rights Oregon in Portland, Oregon, on February 27, 2013, for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest. The interview was conducted as part of a senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University with instructor Pat Young. A transcript of the interview is available.

In this interview, Edwards discusses his involvement with the Portland Black Chapter of PFLAG, talks about its origins, and describes the intersection of racism and homophobia that Black LGBTQ youth face. He also talks about his parents' social justice activism. He discusses his involvement with Basic Rights Oregon, including his work on the Our Families video project and as a Racial Justice Fellow. He speaks about some of the goals of Basic Rights Oregon, including marriage equality and trans-inclusive health care, and talks about issues that the organization may focus on after achieving its current goals. He also speaks about racial inequity in the U.S. justice system. He discusses his career as a high school English teacher in San Bernardino, California, and shares his reasons for returning to Portland and focusing on racial justice and LGBTQ advocacy work. He closes the interview by talking about his love for Robert Jordan's Wheel of Time series.

This oral history interview with George Oberg was conducted by Heather Burmeister and Brian Aune on February 18, 2009, for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest. The interview was conducted as part of a senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University with instructor Pat Young. A transcript of the interview is available.

In this interview, Oberg discusses his early life on a farm in Hazel Dell, Washington, and talks about his involvement in the Portland gay community in the 1960s. He shares the origins of the Second Foundation, the first gay support organization in Oregon; talks about his work as president of the foundation; and speaks at length about the work of the organization. He also talks about working as a teacher to visually impaired young adults. He speaks about his life with his partner, Gary, talks about his partner's death from AIDS, and shares his memories of the effect of the AIDS epidemic on the gay community in Oregon and Washington. He closes the interview by speaking further about the work of the Second Foundation, including its newsletter, "The Fountain." He closes the interview by sharing a story about a company he worked for, in which the company discovered it had been polluting the Columbia River.

This oral history interview with Charles F. Hinkle was conducted by Michael Lamore and Michelle Brown on February 10, 2009, for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest. The interview was conducted as part of a senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University with instructor Pat Young. A transcript of the interview is available.

In this interview, Hinkle speaks at length about his work as a lawyer representing Peggy Burton, a teacher in Salem, Oregon, who was fired for being a lesbian. He also talks about his experience working with the Black community in Atlanta, Georgia, during the 1960s, as part of his education at Union Theological Seminary, and discusses how that experience led him to pursue a career as a civil rights lawyer. He discusses the change to the anti-discrimination policy of Portland Public Schools to include sexual orientation, and talks about attempts to lobby the Oregon State Legislature to make a similar change in the 1970s. He speaks about his involvement with the Portland Town Council, a gay rights organization; talks about appearing on Fox News' "The O'Reilly Factor" in 2005; and discusses the failures of Democratic legislators to pass anti-discrimination legislation that includes sexual orientation. He talks about his service on Oregon Governor Bob Straub's task force on sexual preference, discusses his attempts to get law firms to adopt anti-discrimination policies, and describes the types of cases he prefers to work on. He speaks about how societal acceptance of LGBT people changed over the second half of the 20th century, and also about the rise of anti-gay groups such as the Oregon Citizens Alliance. He closes the interview by discussing the importance of continuing the fight for civil rights.

This oral history interview with Ursula K. Le Guin was conducted by Marian W. Kolisch at Le Guin's home in Portland, Oregon, on June 15, 1987. The interview was part of a series Kolisch conducted to accompany portraits of Oregon artists, businesspeople, and politicians. A transcript of the interview is available.

In this interview, Le Guin discusses her family background and early life in Berkeley, California; talks about her experiences at Radcliffe College in Cambridge, Massachusetts; and discusses her marriage to Charles Le Guin. She speaks at length about her career as a writer. She talks about the genres she writes in, including science fiction, fantasy, and romance. She shares her understanding of Taoism and talks about how she uses the philosophy in her writing. She closes the interview by talking about teaching writing workshops.

This oral history interview with Jacob B. Tanzer was conducted by Peter C. Richter from October 5, 2005, to April 4, 2006 as part of the United States District Court Oral History Project. The interview was conducted in two sessions, and a transcript is available.

In the first interview session, conducted on October 5, 2005, Tanzer discusses his family background and early life in Portland, Oregon. He briefly talks about his college experiences at the University of Oregon, Stanford University, and Reed College. He then talks about studying law at the University of Oregon, including his part-time jobs. He discusses practicing law in Portland and deciding to pursue a career as a public prosecutor instead. He talks about working for the U.S. Department of Justice in the organized crime division during the John F. Kennedy administration, particularly his work on the case of civil rights workers murdered in Mississippi in 1964. Tanzer discusses his reasons for leaving the U.S. Department of Justice that same year to return to Portland as a Multnomah County deputy district attorney. He talks about his fellow prosecutors, defense lawyers he argued against, and some of the judges he argued before. He discusses his appointment as Oregon's first solicitor general in 1969 and describes some of the cases he prosecuted. He also talks about serving as director of the Oregon Department of Human Services from its inception in 1971 until 1973. He describes the types of social welfare programs he administered, discusses fighting budget cuts, and talks about working with Governor Tom McCall. He also speaks at length about volunteering with the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law in Mississippi for one month in 1967 and describes many of the cases he worked on. Tanzer discusses serving on the Oregon Court of Appeals from 1973 to 1980, and on the Oregon Supreme Court from 1980 to 1982. He talks about some of the judges he served with, particularly Hans Linde.

In the second interview session, conducted on April 4, 2006, Tanzer continues to discuss serving on the Oregon Supreme Court. He speaks further about serving on the bench with Hans Linde, and talks about some of the opinions he wrote. He discusses how the procedures of the court changed during his tenure, the relationship between the legislative and judicial branches of state government, and his return to private legal practice in 1983. He closes the interview by sharing advice for aspiring lawyers.

This oral history interview with John P. Cooney was conducted by Clark Hansen at the U.S. District Courthouse in Medford, Oregon, from May 12 to June 17, 2005, as part of the United States District Court Oral History Project. The interview was conducted in two sessions, and a transcript is available. Part of the second session was recorded simultaneously on Audiocassette 3 and Videocassette 1.

In the first interview session, conducted on May 12, 2005, Cooney discusses his family background and early life in Sedalia and St. Louis, Missouri, including playing minor league baseball. He briefly talks about his marriage to Eleanor McCabe, about raising a family while studying law at Willamette University, and about practicing law in Medford, Oregon. He speaks at length about serving as a federal magistrate judge on the U.S. District Court of Oregon. He describes the role magistrate judges play in Oregon, talks about judges, law clerks, and lawyers he worked with, and discusses the procedures of the court. He also talks about the types of cases he heard.

In the second interview session, conducted on June 17, 2005, Cooney continues to discuss serving as a federal magistrate judge on the U.S. District Court of Oregon, the role magistrate judges play in Oregon, and the types of cases he heard. He shares his experience of being a judge in a small community, discusses passing sentences, and shares his judicial philosophy. He also talks about changes in technology since the beginning of his career, and how they affected his work and the design of the courthouse. He closes the interview by talking about his family life, and about his plans for retirement.

This oral history interview with Stephen M. Bloom was conducted by Donna Sinclair at the U.S. District Courthouse in Portland, Oregon, from April 19 to May 2, 2005, as part of the United States District Court Oral History Project. The interview was conducted in three sessions, and a transcript is available. Part of the third session was recorded simultaneously on audiocassette and videocassette.

In the first interview session, conducted on April 19, 2005, Bloom discusses his family background and early life in San Francisco and in the San Fernando Valley, California, including his education, his relationship with his siblings, and the death of his mother when he was 10 years old. He briefly talks about studying law at Willamette University, and speaks about his children, their education, and their careers.

In the second interview session, conducted on April 20, 2005, Bloom discusses his experiences at Stanford University and in the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps during the Vietnam War. He discusses practicing law in Pendleton, Oregon, and speaks at length about cases he worked on in the field of water law. He also talks about working as a pro tem judge for the Umatilla Indian Reservation; speaks further about studying law at Willamette University; and talks about his marriage to Becky Nelson after his second year of law school. He also briefly speaks about working in the district attorney's office in Pendleton. He talks about serving as a magistrate judge on the U.S. District Court of Oregon from 1988 to 2005. He describes the duties of a magistrate judge, talks about following sentencing guidelines, and shares some of the cases he heard.

In the third and final interview session, conducted on May 2, 2005, Bloom continues to discuss serving as a magistrate judge on the U.S. District Court of Oregon from 1988 to 2005, and to talk about some of the cases he heard. He also continues to speak about practicing law in Pendleton and about cases he worked on in the field of water law. He closes the interview by discussing his involvement in several organizations, including Legal Aid Services of Oregon and the Peace Corps.

This oral history interview with Malcolm Marsh was conducted by Clark Hansen from January 27 to May 10, 2005, as part of the United States District Court Oral History Project. The interview was conducted in three sessions, all held in Marsh's chambers at the U.S. District Courthouse in Portland, Oregon. Part of the third session was recorded simultaneously on audiocassette and videocassette.

In the first interview session, conducted on January 27, 2005, Marsh speaks at length about his family background. He talks about his early life in McMinnville, Oregon, including his education, his family's experiences during the Depression, and his memories of life during World War II. He also briefly talks about his service in the U.S. Army in Japan just after the end of the war. He then discusses his experience studying law at the University of Oregon, including some of his classes and professors. He talks about his marriage to Shari Long. He speaks about practicing law in Salem with his law partner, Ned Clark, and describes how he came to specialize in product liability cases. He discusses his Christian faith, and also talks about how it affects his choices during sentencing. He talks about his appointment to the U.S. District Court of Oregon in 1987. He speaks at length about political polarization in the U.S., and shares his thoughts about how to address it. He talks about his professional ethics, discusses his reasons for taking senior status in 1998, and shares stories about arguing cases before Judge Gus Solomon.

In the second interview session, conducted on January 28, 2005, Marsh discusses serving as a judge on the U.S. District Court of Oregon. He talks about adjusting to the workload of a judge, discusses members of his staff and his fellow judges, and describes the role of magistrate judges. He shares his thoughts about the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals; talks about his process for preparing for trial; and speaks at length about sentencing guidelines. He discusses some of the cases he presided over, particularly cases regarding salmon fisheries and the Rajneeshees. He talks about his law clerks; shares his opinion on personality traits that make a good judge; and discusses the increase in case settlements, and decrease in jury trials.

In the third and final interview session, conducted on May 10, 2005, Marsh discusses efforts to streamline the U.S. District Court of Oregon, including the use of magistrate judges. He speaks about working with U.S. Attorney Chuck Turner; talks about the increase in cases relating to drugs; and revisits the topic of sentencing guidelines. He shares how his thoughts on immigration laws changed over his career; shares his opinion regarding concerns about judicial activism; and talks about when judges should retire. He also revisits the topic of his reasons for taking senior status. He talks about how his judicial philosophy changed and reflects on his career. He debates the merits of both restorative and retributive justice. He speaks about the role of law clerks, about judges' salaries, and about his role in the construction of the Mark O. Hatfield United States District Courthouse in Portland. He discusses working with Mark Hatfield and John Dellenback. He speaks about his marriage to Shari Long, and about balancing his Christian faith and his role as a judge. He closes the interview by talking about the importance of family.

This oral history interview with Randall B. Kester was conducted by Donna L. Sinclair from February 21 to May 11, 2005, at Kester's office in Portland, Oregon, as part of the United States District Court Oral History Project. The interview was conducted in three sessions and a transcript is available. Part of Session 3 was recorded on both audiocassette and videocassette.

In the first interview session, conducted on February 21, 2005, Kester discusses his family background and early life, particularly focusing on his mother. He also talks about the families and careers of his siblings. He speaks about his marriage to Rachael Woodhouse and talks about raising a family. He discusses his hobbies of hiking and mountain climbing; shares his reasons for returning to Oregon after earning his law degree; and speaks about his early career as a lawyer in the 1940s. He then speaks at length about his career as general solicitor for the Union Pacific Railroad. He talks about cases he tried, about the railroading business, and about safety regulations.

In the second interview session, conducted on March 31, 2005, Kester discusses his involvement with the Forest Service Reserves during World War II. He also describes witnessing a fatal climbing accident on Mount Hood. He speaks at length about constitutional law cases he worked on while a lawyer with Maguire, Shields, Morrison, Bailey & Kester, particularly Yasui v. United States. He also talks about U.S. District Court of Oregon judges that he argued before, about laws regarding jury selection, and about the process of settling cases.

In the third interview session, conducted on May 11, 2005, Kester discusses his involvement with the Oregon State Bar's continuing legal education program. He speaks about his brief service as a justice on the Oregon Supreme Court from 1957 to 1958, including his appointment to the bench, and opinions that he wrote. He reflects on cases he worked on both as a judge and a lawyer that have had lasting effects on the field of law. He discusses the differences among the different court circuits in Oregon; talks about challenges to Oregon's land-use laws; and shares his reasons for retiring from the Supreme Court. He closes the interview by discussing the origins of the U.S. District Court of Oregon Historical Society, and the history of his law firm.

This oral history interview with Roy H. Hemmingway was conducted by Michael O'Rourke at the Oregon Historical Society in Portland, Oregon, from August 29 to October 20, 2000. The interview was conducted as part of the Northwest Power Planning Council Oral History Project, which documented the history and purpose of the Northwest Power Planning Council, now known as the Northwest Power and Conservation Council. The interview was conducted in four sessions.

In the first interview session, conducted on August 29, 2000, Hemmingway discusses his family background and early life in Illinois, including his education and his early political beliefs. He shares his experiences studying international politics at Stanford University and studying environmental law at Yale University, and talks about his international travels in the 1960s. He discusses his reasons for specializing in environmental law; landmark environmental legislation in the 1960s and 1970s; and his involvement with the Oregon Environmental Council. He speaks about working as a lawyer for the Oregon Public Utility Commission, including researching a case against the Bonneville Power Administration and lobbying the Oregon Legislature on energy legislation.

In the second interview session, conducted on September 29, 2000, Hemmingway continues to discuss working for the Oregon Public Utility Commission, and talks about his conflict with PUC chair John J. Lobdell. He speaks at length about the drafting of the 1980 Northwest Power Act, and talks about the people and organizations that were involved. He then talks about representing Oregon on the Northwest Power Planning Council from 1981 to 1986. He describes the organization of the council, talks about the development of the first energy conservation plan and fish and wildlife plan, and speaks about the financial difficulties of the Washington Public Power Supply System (WPPSS).

In the third interview session, conducted on October 6, 2000, Hemmingway continues to discuss representing Oregon on the Northwest Power Planning Council from 1981 to 1986. He talks about opposition to the council's first plans, particularly the lawsuit against the model building codes, and discusses his reasons for leaving the council in 1986. He speaks about his fellow council members, about interstate conflicts that affected the council's work in the 1980s, and about the financial difficulties of WPPSS. He also talks about the development of the first NWPPC fish plan and discusses proposals to remove dams on the Snake River.

In the fourth and final interview session, conducted on October 20, 2000, Hemmingway speaks further about some of the NWPPC members, including those who served after he left the council. He shares his thoughts about the 1994 fish and wildlife plan, which he reviewed while working as a policy advisor for Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber; talks about the management of the Bonneville Power Administration, including his candidacy for administrator in the late 1990s; and discusses deregulation of electric utilities. He closes the interview by speaking about his career as an energy consultant, including his work with Portland General Electric, and about his role in Kitzhaber's administration from 1995 to the time of the interview.

This oral history interview with Chuck T. Collins was conducted by Michael O'Rourke at Collins' home on Mercer Island, Washington, on October 19, 1999. The interview was conducted as part of the Northwest Power Planning Council Oral History Project, which documented the history and purpose of the Northwest Power Planning Council, now known as the Northwest Power and Conservation Council.

In this interview, Collins discusses his family background and talks about his early life on a ranch in Missoula, Montana, and about his teenage years in Spokane, Washington. He talks about his experiences at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., at Gonzaga University in Spokane, and at the University of Washington. He also talks about his marriage to Nancy Querna. He speaks at length about his service as a cavalry platoon leader in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War. He also shares his thoughts about the unfairness of the draft system and about the morality of the war. He talks about working with John Spellman in King County government and about serving as director of King County Metro.

Collins speaks at length about representing Washington on the Northwest Power Planning Council, now known as the Northwest Power and Conservation Council, from 1981 to 1986. He talks about other members and staff of the council, about the mission and purpose of the council, and about the development of the council's first power and conservation plan. He discusses opposition to the council's Model Conservation Standards and shares his reasons for leaving the NWPPC. He also speaks at length about the bankruptcy of the Washington Public Power Supply System. He talks about the activities of the council after his departure, particularly the change in state politics in the 1990s and how that affected the work and membership of the NWPPC. He also discusses the council's efforts to increase salmon populations in the Columbia River. He discusses his activities since leaving the NWPPC, and talks about his children, their families, and their careers. He closes the interview by speaking further about other members of the council.