Tape 9, Side 2. In the fifth and final interview session, conducted on September 29, 2000, Eckman continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, with a focus on the period between 1995 and the time of the interview. He talks about conducting a comprehensive review of the Northwest power systems and about developing the 1996 version of the conservation and electric power plan. He also speaks at length about the financial situation of the BPA, and about factors affecting its energy prices.

Tape 9, Side 1. In the fifth and final interview session, conducted on September 29, 2000, Eckman continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, with a focus on the period between 1995 and the time of the interview. He talks about conducting a comprehensive review of the Northwest power systems and about developing the 1996 version of the conservation and electric power plan. He also speaks at length about the financial situation of the BPA, and about factors affecting its energy prices.

Tape 8, Side 2. In the fifth and final interview session, conducted on September 29, 2000, Eckman continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, with a focus on the period between 1995 and the time of the interview. He talks about conducting a comprehensive review of the Northwest power systems and about developing the 1996 version of the conservation and electric power plan. He also speaks at length about the financial situation of the BPA, and about factors affecting its energy prices.

Tape 8, Side 1. In the fourth interview session, conducted on May 11, 2000, Eckman continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council. He talks about the conservation and electric power plan amendment processes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He speaks about factors affecting energy prices in the Northwest, particularly at the BPA, and discusses how changing state politics in the 1990s affected the NWPPC, particularly its fish and wildlife plan.

Tape 7, Side 2. In the fourth interview session, conducted on May 11, 2000, Eckman continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council. He talks about the conservation and electric power plan amendment processes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He speaks about factors affecting energy prices in the Northwest, particularly at the BPA, and discusses how changing state politics in the 1990s affected the NWPPC, particularly its fish and wildlife plan.

Tape 7, Side 1. In the fourth interview session, conducted on May 11, 2000, Eckman continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council. He talks about the conservation and electric power plan amendment processes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He speaks about factors affecting energy prices in the Northwest, particularly at the BPA, and discusses how changing state politics in the 1990s affected the NWPPC, particularly its fish and wildlife plan.

Tape 6, Side 2. In the third interview session, conducted on September 21, 1999, Eckman continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, and to talk about the 1983 conservation and electric power plan. He speaks at length about developing and implementing the model conservation standards for residential and commercial buildings, about opposition to the energy efficient building codes, and about working with Northwest electric utilities on the Super Good Cents program.

Tape 6, Side 1. In the third interview session, conducted on September 21, 1999, Eckman continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, and to talk about the 1983 conservation and electric power plan. He speaks at length about developing and implementing the model conservation standards for residential and commercial buildings, about opposition to the energy efficient building codes, and about working with Northwest electric utilities on the Super Good Cents program.

Tape 5, Side 2. In the third interview session, conducted on September 21, 1999, Eckman continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, and to talk about the 1983 conservation and electric power plan. He speaks at length about developing and implementing the model conservation standards for residential and commercial buildings, about opposition to the energy efficient building codes, and about working with Northwest electric utilities on the Super Good Cents program.

Tape 5, Side 1. In the third interview session, conducted on September 21, 1999, Eckman continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, and to talk about the 1983 conservation and electric power plan. He speaks at length about developing and implementing the model conservation standards for residential and commercial buildings, about opposition to the energy efficient building codes, and about working with Northwest electric utilities on the Super Good Cents program.

Tape 4, Side 1. In the second interview session, conducted on December 17, 1998, Eckman continues to speak about the passage of the 1980 Northwest Power Act, and about the Washington Public Power Supply System. He continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, and talks about the early activities of the council. He discusses the NWPPC’s 1983 conservation and electric power plan, and talks about the first members of the council.

Tape 3, Side 2. In the second interview session, conducted on December 17, 1998, Eckman continues to speak about the passage of the 1980 Northwest Power Act, and about the Washington Public Power Supply System. He continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, and talks about the early activities of the council. He discusses the NWPPC’s 1983 conservation and electric power plan, and talks about the first members of the council.

Tape 3, Side 1. In the second interview session, conducted on December 17, 1998, Eckman continues to speak about the passage of the 1980 Northwest Power Act, and about the Washington Public Power Supply System. He continues to discuss serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, and talks about the early activities of the council. He discusses the NWPPC’s 1983 conservation and electric power plan, and talks about the first members of the council.

Tape 2, Side 2. In the first interview session, conducted on September 16, 1998, Eckman discusses his family background and early life on a farm in Galesburg, Illinois, including his education. He briefly talks about studying forestry and environmental science at Southern Illinois University, about working as an environmental science educator in Washington, and about serving as chair of both the Washington Environmental Council and the Washington Chapter of the Sierra Club. He speaks at length about the passage of the 1980 Northwest Power Act, and about the Washington Public Power Supply System. He talks about working with Ed Sheets, the U.S. senators from Washington, and with administrators from Bonneville Power Administration during and after the passage of the Northwest Power Act. He discusses serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, now known as the Northwest Power and Conservation Council, from 1982 to the time of the interview.

Tape 2, Side 1. In the first interview session, conducted on September 16, 1998, Eckman discusses his family background and early life on a farm in Galesburg, Illinois, including his education. He briefly talks about studying forestry and environmental science at Southern Illinois University, about working as an environmental science educator in Washington, and about serving as chair of both the Washington Environmental Council and the Washington Chapter of the Sierra Club. He speaks at length about the passage of the 1980 Northwest Power Act, and about the Washington Public Power Supply System. He talks about working with Ed Sheets, the U.S. senators from Washington, and with administrators from Bonneville Power Administration during and after the passage of the Northwest Power Act. He discusses serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, now known as the Northwest Power and Conservation Council, from 1982 to the time of the interview.

Tape 1, Side 2. In the first interview session, conducted on September 16, 1998, Eckman discusses his family background and early life on a farm in Galesburg, Illinois, including his education. He briefly talks about studying forestry and environmental science at Southern Illinois University, about working as an environmental science educator in Washington, and about serving as chair of both the Washington Environmental Council and the Washington Chapter of the Sierra Club. He speaks at length about the passage of the 1980 Northwest Power Act, and about the Washington Public Power Supply System. He talks about working with Ed Sheets, the U.S. senators from Washington, and with administrators from Bonneville Power Administration during and after the passage of the Northwest Power Act. He discusses serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, now known as the Northwest Power and Conservation Council, from 1982 to the time of the interview.

Tape 1, Side 1. In the first interview session, conducted on September 16, 1998, Eckman discusses his family background and early life on a farm in Galesburg, Illinois, including his education. He briefly talks about studying forestry and environmental science at Southern Illinois University, about working as an environmental science educator in Washington, and about serving as chair of both the Washington Environmental Council and the Washington Chapter of the Sierra Club. He speaks at length about the passage of the 1980 Northwest Power Act, and about the Washington Public Power Supply System. He talks about working with Ed Sheets, the U.S. senators from Washington, and with administrators from Bonneville Power Administration during and after the passage of the Northwest Power Act. He discusses serving as manager of conservation resources for the Northwest Power Planning Council, now known as the Northwest Power and Conservation Council, from 1982 to the time of the interview.

Tape 5, Side 2. In the third and final interview session, conducted on November 16, 2002, Wapato speaks further about lobbying Congress to include fishery protections in the 1980 Northwest Power Act. He then continues to discuss serving as executive director of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, and to talk about working with the NWPPC. He speaks at length about his working relationship with several NWPPC members, particularly Dan Evans and Kai Lee. He also talks about working with the Bonneville Power Administration, about the commission's lawyer, John Platt, and about his reasons for leaving the commission. He closes the interview by briefly discussing his service as commissioner for the Administration for Native Americans and as director of the Indian Gaming Association.

Tape 5, Side 1. In the third and final interview session, conducted on November 16, 2002, Wapato speaks further about lobbying Congress to include fishery protections in the 1980 Northwest Power Act. He then continues to discuss serving as executive director of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, and to talk about working with the NWPPC. He speaks at length about his working relationship with several NWPPC members, particularly Dan Evans and Kai Lee. He also talks about working with the Bonneville Power Administration, about the commission's lawyer, John Platt, and about his reasons for leaving the commission. He closes the interview by briefly discussing his service as commissioner for the Administration for Native Americans and as director of the Indian Gaming Association.

Tape 4, Side 2. In the third and final interview session, conducted on November 16, 2002, Wapato speaks further about lobbying Congress to include fishery protections in the 1980 Northwest Power Act. He then continues to discuss serving as executive director of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, and to talk about working with the NWPPC. He speaks at length about his working relationship with several NWPPC members, particularly Dan Evans and Kai Lee. He also talks about working with the Bonneville Power Administration, about the commission's lawyer, John Platt, and about his reasons for leaving the commission. He closes the interview by briefly discussing his service as commissioner for the Administration for Native Americans and as director of the Indian Gaming Association.

Tape 4, Side 1. In the third and final interview session, conducted on November 16, 2002, Wapato speaks further about lobbying Congress to include fishery protections in the 1980 Northwest Power Act. He then continues to discuss serving as executive director of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, and to talk about working with the NWPPC. He speaks at length about his working relationship with several NWPPC members, particularly Dan Evans and Kai Lee. He also talks about working with the Bonneville Power Administration, about the commission's lawyer, John Platt, and about his reasons for leaving the commission. He closes the interview by briefly discussing his service as commissioner for the Administration for Native Americans and as director of the Indian Gaming Association.

Tape 3, Side 2. In the second interview session, conducted on August 5, 2002, Wapato discusses his service as executive director of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission from 1980 to 1989. He talks about working with the directors of the Oregon and Washington fishery departments, discusses working with the Northwest Power Planning Council on the fish and wildlife plan and on developing the water budget, and speaks at length about his work negotiating the U.S.-Canada Pacific Salmon Treaty. He also talks about lobbying Congress to include fishery protections in the 1980 Northwest Power Act.

Tape 3, Side 1. In the second interview session, conducted on August 5, 2002, Wapato discusses his service as executive director of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission from 1980 to 1989. He talks about working with the directors of the Oregon and Washington fishery departments, discusses working with the Northwest Power Planning Council on the fish and wildlife plan and on developing the water budget, and speaks at length about his work negotiating the U.S.-Canada Pacific Salmon Treaty. He also talks about lobbying Congress to include fishery protections in the 1980 Northwest Power Act.

Tape 2, Side 2. In the second interview session, conducted on August 5, 2002, Wapato discusses his service as executive director of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission from 1980 to 1989. He talks about working with the directors of the Oregon and Washington fishery departments, discusses working with the Northwest Power Planning Council on the fish and wildlife plan and on developing the water budget, and speaks at length about his work negotiating the U.S.-Canada Pacific Salmon Treaty. He also talks about lobbying Congress to include fishery protections in the 1980 Northwest Power Act.

Tape 2, Side 1. In the first interview session, conducted on August 4, 2002, Wapato discusses his family background and early life in the Methow Valley, Washington, including his father's work as an Evangelical minister and his high school experiences. He briefly talks about his college experiences, about working as a smokejumper, and about his U.S. Army service. He then speaks about his 21-year career in the Los Angeles Police Department. He talks about serving as a commissioner on the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission from 1979 to 1980, and discusses setting up a fishery enforcement unit, and case law regarding Native American fishing rights.

In the second interview session, conducted on August 5, 2002, Wapato discusses his service as executive director of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission from 1980 to 1989. He talks about working with the directors of the Oregon and Washington fishery departments, discusses working with the Northwest Power Planning Council on the fish and wildlife plan and on developing the water budget, and speaks at length about his work negotiating the U.S.-Canada Pacific Salmon Treaty. He also talks about lobbying Congress to include fishery protections in the 1980 Northwest Power Act.

Tape 1, Side 2. In the first interview session, conducted on August 4, 2002, Wapato discusses his family background and early life in the Methow Valley, Washington, including his father's work as an Evangelical minister and his high school experiences. He briefly talks about his college experiences, about working as a smokejumper, and about his U.S. Army service. He then speaks about his 21-year career in the Los Angeles Police Department. He talks about serving as a commissioner on the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission from 1979 to 1980, and discusses setting up a fishery enforcement unit, and case law regarding Native American fishing rights.

Tape 1, Side 1. In the first interview session, conducted on August 4, 2002, Wapato discusses his family background and early life in the Methow Valley, Washington, including his father's work as an Evangelical minister and his high school experiences. He briefly talks about his college experiences, about working as a smokejumper, and about his U.S. Army service. He then speaks about his 21-year career in the Los Angeles Police Department. He talks about serving as a commissioner on the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission from 1979 to 1980, and discusses setting up a fishery enforcement unit, and case law regarding Native American fishing rights.

Tape 9, Side 2. In the fourth and final interview session, conducted on October 20, 2000, Hemmingway speaks further about some of the NWPPC members, including those who served after he left the council. He shares his thoughts about the 1994 fish and wildlife plan, which he reviewed while working as a policy advisor for Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber; talks about the management of the Bonneville Power Administration, including his candidacy for administrator in the late 1990s; and discusses deregulation of electric utilities. He closes the interview by speaking about his career as an energy consultant, including his work with Portland General Electric, and about his role in Governor Kitzhaber’s administration, from 1995 to the time of the interview.